Some really good points here that I totally agree with!
I've found that keeping calm really helps when my kiddo has a tantrum. Hard to do sometimes, but it just makes the situation escalate otherwise. Also, giving a choice works well - like you said, acknowledge their feelings first, then offer choices . Seems to help them feel somewhat in control, which is what they often want.
Distraction is my go-to; pointing out something interesting outside, or changing the topic of conversation suddenly to something fun works well for my toddler too. And plenty of praise when she does respond well - that helps her understand what's good behavior and what's not!
I think consistently is key, but it's hard not to waiver sometimes especially when you're tired. Timeouts don't work so well for my kid, but taking privileges away does - like if she's being super fussy about eating, I'll say that if she doesn't eat now, there won't be any snack until the next meal. Seems to help!
What do you guys do about backchat, though? My toddler has started talking back and being quite sassy - wonder how to handle that without being too harsh! Would love to hear other parents' experiences with that one.